哮喘及脱敏治疗对感染后咳嗽的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-583X.2025.05.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的分析哮喘及脱敏治疗两种因素对感染后咳嗽的影响。方法采用回顾性分析的方法,选取2024年3月1日-2024年12月31日在我院呼吸内科门诊就诊符合感染后咳嗽(postinfectious cough, PIC)诊断标准的患者417例,有哮喘基础病者(试验组)66例,无基础疾病者(对照组)351例;试验组中行脱敏治疗的为脱敏治疗组(14例),未行脱敏治疗的为一般治疗组(52例);试验组接受止咳、抗哮喘治疗,对照组接受止咳对症治疗;统计分析试验组和对照组、脱敏治疗组和一般治疗组之间的咳嗽病程、咳嗽严重度、呼出气一氧化氮(fractional exhaled nitric oxide, FeNO)的差别。结果 417例患者中,男性180例,平均年龄(39.26±14.67)岁,女性237例,平均年龄(40.41±14.33)岁;试验组66例,对照组351例。试验组FeNO、咳嗽严重度高于对照组(P<0.05);脱敏治疗组咳嗽严重度低于一般治疗组(P=0.000)。结论哮喘会增加PIC患者的咳嗽严重度和FeNO,脱敏治疗有助于降低咳嗽严重度。

关键词: 哮喘, 咳嗽, 脱敏法, 免疫, 呼出气一氧化氮

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the effects of asthma and desensitization on postinfectious cough (PIC). Methods This was a retrospective analysis involving 417 eligible PIC patients who visited the respiratory outdepartment from March 1, 2024 to December 31, 2024. Patients with the underlying disease of asthma were included into the experimental group (66 cases), and those without underlying disease were included into the control group (351 cases). Patients in the experimental group were subdivided into the desensitization therapy group (14 cases), and general treatment group (without desensitization therapy, 52 cases). Patients in the experimental group received anti-cough, anti-asthma therapy, and those in the control group received symptomatic anti-cough treatment. The course and severity of cough, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) levels among the experimental group versus control group, and desensitization therapy group versus general treatment group were compared. Results A total of 417 patients were included in the study, including 180 males with an average age of (39.26±14.67) years and 237 females with an average age of (40.41±14.33) years. There were 66 patients in the experimental group and 351 in the control group. FeNO and the severity of cough in the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The severity of cough in the desensitization therapy group was significantly lower than that of the general treatment group (P=0.000). Conclusion Asthma increases cough severity and FeNO in PIC patients, and desensitization helps to reduce cough severity.

Key words: asthma, cough, desensitization, immunologic, fractional exhaled nitric oxide

中图分类号:

R256.11

李远鹏, 刘俊安, 黄巧露, 李天林. 哮喘及脱敏治疗对感染后咳嗽的影响[J]. 临床荟萃, 2025, 40(5): 408-411.

Li Yuanpeng, Liu Junan, Huang Qiaolu, Li Tianlin. Effects of asthma and desensitization treatment on postinfectious cough[J]. Clinical Focus, 2025, 40(5): 408-411.

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链接本文: https://lchc.magtechjournal.com/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1004-583X.2025.05.004

https://lchc.magtechjournal.com/CN/Y2025/V40/I5/408

图/表 4

表1 试验组与对照组的FeNO、咳嗽严重度、咳嗽病程比较[M(Q1, Q3)]

Tab.1 Comparison of FeNO, cough severity and course of cough between groups (M[Q1, Q3])

组别	例数	FeNO(ppb)	咳嗽严重度(分)	咳嗽病程(d)
对照组	351	11.00(7.00, 16.00)	15.00(12.00, 17.00)	24.00(14.00, 28.00)
试验组	66	13.50(8.70, 26.25)	17.00(12.00, 19.00)	22.00(14.00, 28.00)
Z值		2.852	2.118	1.628
P值		0.004	0.034	0.103

图1 试验组与对照组的FeNO、咳嗽严重度、咳嗽病程比较

Fig.1 Comparison of FeNO, cough severity and course of cough between groups

表2 脱敏治疗组与一般治疗组的FeNO、咳嗽严重度、咳嗽病程比较[M(Q1, Q3)]

Tab.2 Comparison of FeNO, cough severity, cough course between the desensitization treatment group and general treatment group (M[Q1, Q3])

组别	例数	FeNO(ppb)	咳嗽严重度(分)	咳嗽病程(d)
一般治疗组	52	15(9, 27.25)	17(12, 19)	28(14, 28)
脱敏治疗组	14	22(12, 28.5)	11(10, 14)	14(7, 28)
Z值		0.746	3.554	1.729
P值		0.456	0.000	0.084

图2 脱敏治疗组与一般治疗组的FeNO、咳嗽严重度、咳嗽病程比较

Fig.2 Comparison of FeNO, cough severity and cough of course between the desensitization treatment group and general treatment group

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