Study on the association between triglyceride-glucose and thyroid nodules in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-583X.2025.04.006

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the correlation between triglyceride-glucose (TyG) and thyroid nodules (TNs) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods A total of 365 T2DM patients hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology, Xiangyang First People 's Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine from January 2022 to November 2023 were selected, including 223 patients with TNs (study group) and 142 patients without TNs (control group). The clinical data were obtained, and the TyG was calculated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the independent risk factors for TNs in T2DM patients. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) map was drawn to intuitively reflect the relationship between TyG and TNs in T2DM patients. Results The proportion of women, age, fasting blood glucose, total cholestero, triglyceride, insulin resistance index and TyG in the study group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that elevated TyG was an independent risk factor for TNs in T2DM patients (P<0.05). RCS analysis showed that there was a linear dose-response relationship between TyG and TN risk in T2DM patients (Poverll<0.001, Pnon-linear=0.65). Conclusion TyG is an independent risk factor for TNs in T2DM patients. As the TyG increases, the incidence of TNs in T2DM patients significantly increases.

Key words: diabetes mellitus, type 2, TyG index, thyroid nodule

CLC Number:

R587.1

Ju Panyu, Yang Fuqi, Zhou Xingjian. Study on the association between triglyceride-glucose and thyroid nodules in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. Clinical Focus, 2025, 40(4): 329-333.

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URL: https://lchc.magtechjournal.com/EN/10.3969/j.issn.1004-583X.2025.04.006

https://lchc.magtechjournal.com/EN/Y2025/V40/I4/329

Figures/Tables 5

Tab.1 Basic data and biochemical indexes between the two groups

项目	研究组(n=223)	对照组(n=142)	χ²/ $t$ / $Z$ 值	P值
男[例(%)]	140(62.8)	111(78.2)	9.566	0.002
年龄(岁)	55.99±11.03	52.21±9.86	-3.321	0.001
吸烟[例(%)]	86(38.6)	64(45.1)	1.517	0.218
饮酒[例(%)]	77(34.5)	63(44.4)	3.551	0.060
BMI(kg/m² )	24.47(22.64, 26.91)	24.46(22.47, 27.04)	-0.278	0.781
病程(年)	3.00(1.00, 9.00)	3.00(1.00, 10.00)	-0.548	0.583
高血压[例(%)]	82(36.8)	48(33.8)	0.333	0.564
HbA₁c(%)	9.30(7.40, 11.40)	9.05(7.10, 11.93)	-1.170	0.242
FPG(mmol/L)	7.5(6.44, 8.95)	6.82(5.77, 8.19)	-4.031	0.000
FINS(μU/ml)	6.90(4.80, 11.50)	6.70(4.4011.65)	-1.055	0.292
2hPG(mmol/L)	16.46(13.96, 19.31)	16.06(13.46, 18.29)	-1.328	0.184
TC(mmol/L)	4.94(4.35, 5.69)	4.68(3.90, 5.45)	-2.559	0.011
TG(mmol/L)	1.59(1.10, 2.52)	1.32(0.99, 1.32)	-2.639	0.008
HDL-C(mmol/L)	1.08(0.93, 1.23)	1.11(0.93, 1.29)	-0.801	0.423
LDL-C(mmol/L)	2.73±0.83	2.60±0.91	-1.366	0.173
FT3(pmol/L)	4.12±0.63	4.18±0.62	1.013	0.312
FT4(pmol/L)	13.40(12.44, 14.38)	13.07(11.93, 14.29)	-1.85	0.064
TSH(mIU/L)	1.65(1.18, 2.62)	1.68(1.33, 2.28)	-0.423	0.672
HOMA-IR	2.68(1.70, 4.35)	2.32(1.41, 3.44)	-2.613	0.009
TyG指数	9.31(8.85, 9.88)	8.99(8.68, 9.55)	-3.743	0.000

Tab.1 Basic data and biochemical indexes between the two groups

项目	研究组(n=223)	对照组(n=142)	χ²/ $t$ / $Z$ 值	P值
男[例(%)]	140(62.8)	111(78.2)	9.566	0.002
年龄(岁)	55.99±11.03	52.21±9.86	-3.321	0.001
吸烟[例(%)]	86(38.6)	64(45.1)	1.517	0.218
饮酒[例(%)]	77(34.5)	63(44.4)	3.551	0.060
BMI(kg/m² )	24.47(22.64, 26.91)	24.46(22.47, 27.04)	-0.278	0.781
病程(年)	3.00(1.00, 9.00)	3.00(1.00, 10.00)	-0.548	0.583
高血压[例(%)]	82(36.8)	48(33.8)	0.333	0.564
HbA₁c(%)	9.30(7.40, 11.40)	9.05(7.10, 11.93)	-1.170	0.242
FPG(mmol/L)	7.5(6.44, 8.95)	6.82(5.77, 8.19)	-4.031	0.000
FINS(μU/ml)	6.90(4.80, 11.50)	6.70(4.4011.65)	-1.055	0.292
2hPG(mmol/L)	16.46(13.96, 19.31)	16.06(13.46, 18.29)	-1.328	0.184
TC(mmol/L)	4.94(4.35, 5.69)	4.68(3.90, 5.45)	-2.559	0.011
TG(mmol/L)	1.59(1.10, 2.52)	1.32(0.99, 1.32)	-2.639	0.008
HDL-C(mmol/L)	1.08(0.93, 1.23)	1.11(0.93, 1.29)	-0.801	0.423
LDL-C(mmol/L)	2.73±0.83	2.60±0.91	-1.366	0.173
FT3(pmol/L)	4.12±0.63	4.18±0.62	1.013	0.312
FT4(pmol/L)	13.40(12.44, 14.38)	13.07(11.93, 14.29)	-1.85	0.064
TSH(mIU/L)	1.65(1.18, 2.62)	1.68(1.33, 2.28)	-0.423	0.672
HOMA-IR	2.68(1.70, 4.35)	2.32(1.41, 3.44)	-2.613	0.009
TyG指数	9.31(8.85, 9.88)	8.99(8.68, 9.55)	-3.743	0.000

Tab.2 Logistic regression analysis of risk factors for TNs in T2DM patients

因素	回归系数	标准误	Waldχ²值	P值	OR值	95%CI
性别	0.576	0.261	4.859	0.028	1.179	1.066~2.970
年龄	0.041	0.012	12.109	0.001	1.042	1.018~1.066
FPG	0.044	0.053	0.677	0.410	1.045	0.942~1.159
HOMA-IR	0.044	0.052	0.783	0.390	1.045	0.945~1.157
TyG指数	0.652	0.193	11.377	0.001	1.919	1.314~2.802

Tab.3 Logistic regression model of the effect of TyG on TNs in T2DM patients

	因素	回归系数	Waldχ²值	P值	OR值	95%CI
模型1	Q1	-	10.431	0.005	-	-
	Q2	0.550	4.460	0.035	1.733	1.040~2.888
	Q3	0.847	9.906	0.002	2.333	1.377~3.955
模型2	Q1	-	11.492	0.003	-	-
	Q2	0.612	4.908	0.027	1.844	1.073~3.167
	Q3	1.002	11.067	0.001	2.724	1.509~4.915

Tab.4 Logistic regression analysis of the effect of TyG level on TNs grade increase in T2DM patients

因素	回归系数	Waldχ²值	P值	OR值	95%CI
Q1	-0.409	1.698	0.193	0.664	0.359~1.228
Q2	-0.039	4.460	0.885	0.962	0.566~1.634

Fig.1 RCS analysis of TyG and TN risk in T2DM patients

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